内容来源：https://blog.google/around-the-globe/google-europe/the-digital-markets-act-time-for-a-reset/

内容总结：

欧盟《数字市场法案》引发争议，被指损害欧洲企业与消费者利益

旨在营造公平竞争环境的欧盟《数字市场法案》正式实施后，其效果正引发广泛担忧。批评指出，该法案在实际执行中产生了显著的非预期后果，对欧洲用户及本应受保护的中小企业造成了伤害。

法案对搜索引擎的新规迫使平台改变展示结果。以旅游业为例，谷歌搜索被要求减少直接导向航空公司或酒店官网的实用链接，转而优先显示需付费入驻的中介网站。这一变化导致消费者面临更高价格，企业直接预订流量大幅下降，用户也难以快速获取可靠的一手预订信息。据估计，欧洲旅游业来自搜索引擎的免费直接流量已暴跌高达30%。有研究预测，各行业欧洲企业可能面临高达1140亿欧元的收入损失。

此外，法案被指在规则制定中过度倾斜于少数中介机构的商业利益，而牺牲了大多数企业直接面向客户销售的能力。在安卓系统方面，法案以开放之名强制移除某些合法的安全防护措施，反而增加了用户遭遇诈骗和恶意软件的风险。

更深远的影响在于创新领域。由于面临复杂且未经实践检验的新规，企业不得不推迟在欧洲推出最新产品（如前沿人工智能功能），延迟时间可能长达一年，这使欧洲消费者和企业无法及时享受最新技术成果。

尽管企业已为合规做出诸多调整，但监管规则的重叠、各国执法的不一致以及法律诉讼的增多，正加剧市场的不确定性与不可预测性，有悖于法案在欧盟内建立统一规则框架的初衷。业界呼吁，欧盟委员会未来的执法应更注重用户需求、基于事实、清晰一致，核心目标应是真正造福欧洲企业与消费者，确保数字市场的发展不以牺牲安全性、服务质量和实用性为代价。

中文翻译：

《数字市场法案》：是时候重新调整了
旨在营造更公平竞争环境的《数字市场法案》，正对欧洲用户及本应受其保护的众多中小企业造成显著且非预期的损害。本周，我们在向欧盟委员会提交的针对该新法规的咨询意见中详述了这些影响，并就改进方案提出了建议。

非预期的后果
以DMA对欧洲旅游业的影响为例。该法案要求谷歌搜索停止显示可直接跳转至航空公司与酒店官网的实用旅行结果，转而展示需付费收录的中介网站链接。这导致消费者面临更高价格、企业流量减少，并阻碍用户快速获取可靠的直订信息。
欧洲旅游业关键领域的免费直订流量已暴跌高达30%。近期一项关于DMA经济影响的研究预估，欧洲各行业企业可能面临高达1140亿欧元的收入损失。

偏袒少数群体
我们始终担忧，搜索服务的调整源于DMA将少数中介网站的商业利益（这些声音常在争论中最响亮）置于大多数企业直接面向消费者销售的能力之上。
除搜索服务外，DMA还通过强制移除保护用户安全的合法防护措施，使安卓系统难以防范诈骗与恶意链接。与iOS不同，安卓系统采用开放设计，用户可从其他渠道下载应用（即“侧载”），且多数设备预装多个应用商店。这种开放性曾助力欧洲创新与选择多样化，如今却面临威胁。

竞争力需明晰规则
DMA最大的挑战依然存在：如何在复杂且未经实践检验的新规中推动创新，并向欧洲提供尖端产品？
监管负担与不确定性已导致我们的新产品（如最新AI功能）在欧洲的上市延迟长达一年，落后于全球其他地区。这种延迟损害了本应享受最前沿技术的欧洲消费者与企业的利益。

重新调整之时
我们已主动对产品进行多项调整以遵守DMA，包括为欧洲企业及开发者提供数据可携工具等新机遇。但与其他公司一样，我们仍面临重大不确定性与不可预测性。各国监管机构规则的重叠及国内法院的诉讼案件正日益削弱DMA在欧盟范围内建立统一规则的目标，使情况更为复杂。
我们呼吁欧盟委员会确保未来执法以用户为导向、基于事实、保持连贯与清晰。我们应聚焦于让欧洲企业与消费者受益，确保他们获得优质产品与服务。DMA合规应促进数字市场发展，而非以安全、完整性、质量或实用性为代价。

英文来源：

The Digital Markets Act: time for a reset
The Digital Markets Act (DMA), intended to create a more level playing field, is causing significant and unintended harm to European users and many of the small businesses it was meant to protect. This week we detailed these impacts in our response to the European Commission’s consultation on this new law and provided our thoughts on how to improve it.
Unintended consequences
Consider the DMA’s impact on Europe’s tourism industry. The DMA requires Google Search to stop showing useful travel results that link directly to airline and hotel sites, and instead show links to intermediary websites that charge for inclusion. This raises prices for consumers, reduces traffic to businesses, and makes it harder for people to quickly find reliable, direct booking information.
Key parts of the European tourism industry have already seen free, direct booking traffic from Google Search plummet by up to 30%. A recent study on the economic impact of the DMA estimates that European businesses across sectors could face revenue losses of up to €114 billion.
Favoring the few
We remain concerned that these changes to Search are a result of the DMA prioritizing the commercial interests of a small set of intermediary sites — who often shout the loudest in these debates — over the ability of most businesses to sell directly to their customers.
Beyond Search, the DMA is making it difficult to protect users from scams and malicious links on Android by forcing us to remove our legitimate safeguards that protect users’ security and safety. Unlike iOS, Android is open by design, meaning that users can download apps from other sources (known as “sideloading”). Plus, most devices come with multiple app stores pre-installed. This openness has benefited innovation and choice across Europe but is now under threat.
Competitiveness needs clarity
The DMA’s biggest challenge remains: How do we boost innovation and deliver cutting-edge products to Europe while navigating complex and untested new rules?
Regulatory burdens and uncertainty are delaying our launch of new products, like our latest AI features, by up to a year after they launch in the rest of the world. This delay hurts European consumers and businesses who deserve access to the latest and greatest technology.
Time for a reset
We have proactively made many changes to our products to comply with the DMA, including offering new opportunities like data portability tools for European businesses and developers. But we and other companies still face considerable uncertainty and unpredictability. This is compounded by overlapping rules from national regulators and cases before national courts that are increasingly undermining the DMA’s goal of creating harmonized, consistent rules across the EU.
We call on the Commission to ensure that future enforcement is user-driven, fact-based, consistent and clear. We should have a single-minded focus on benefitting European businesses and consumers and ensuring that they benefit from high-quality products and services. DMA compliance should improve digital markets, not come at the expense of security, integrity, quality or usefulness.