内容来源：https://lifehacker.com/use-this-smart-goals-formula-to-be-more-productive-1850736205?utm_medium=RSS

内容总结：

【高效目标管理法：“SMART原则”助力个人与团队精准规划】

一种名为“SMART原则”的目标管理方法正被广泛运用于工作与个人生活领域。该原则由管理学者乔治·T·多兰于1981年提出，其核心在于通过五大特质帮助人们保持专注、有效推进计划。

SMART原则包含五个关键维度：目标需具体明确、进度可量化衡量、内容切实可行、方向符合实际需求、以及设定明确时间节点。多兰最初提出时，“A”指“责任到人”，后演变为“可实现”，这使得该方法既适用于团队协作，也能有效指导个人规划。

实践表明，成功运用该原则需撰写完整的目标声明。以婚礼摄影师为例，可设定“下周五前分批完成所有照片精修”的目标，并标注每日上午10点固定处理，同时明确达成目标对客户满意度、收款进度等具体影响。通过对照五大特质检验：目标聚焦具体成果、有可量化时间投入、预留合理执行周期、契合当前工作重心、设有时限约束——这正是SMART原则的典型应用。

专家建议，可结合时间块管理等技巧强化执行效果，将目标可视化为个人行动宣言，清晰界定任务内容、实施路径与完成节点。该方法通过建立明确优先级过滤机制，帮助执行者排除干扰，持续聚焦核心任务。目前，该方法正通过电子日程、手账本等载体，成为现代人高效推进事项的实用工具。

中文翻译：

SMART原则通常与团队工作相关联，但这种提升效率的策略同样适用于个人生活的方方面面。比如有人将其用于学习规划，你也可以将其运用于职场任务、家庭事务或其他个人项目。本质上，SMART原则旨在帮助你专注目标、持续跟进。

什么是SMART原则？
SMART原则的核心在于确保目标清晰可控。若您尚未了解这一概念，让我们解析其字母构成：
具体的
可量化的
可实现的
相关的
有时限的

该理论由乔治·T·多兰于1981年提出，当时他在《管理评论》期刊中指出企业普遍存在的目标设定缺陷。他主张目标应具备五大特征——尽管最初版本中"A"代表"可指派"而非"可实现"，这也解释了为何该原则常与企业团队管理相关联（便于员工明确分工）。多兰强调清晰定义目标能使团队协同一致，但即便独立工作者也能从中受益，因为它能帮助你精准定位达标的必要条件。

如何实践SMART原则？
明确列出目标是关键。你需要撰写包含全部五要素的目标陈述。例如，作为承接大型婚礼的独立摄影师，可以这样规划："我的目标是在下周五前完成所有婚礼照片修图并交付客户。为实现此目标，我将在本周每日上午10点固定安排批量修图时间。"还可补充说明："达成该目标将使我保持进度领先，确保按时收款，并获得客户好评。"我发现将目标与具体得失关联并时刻铭记，能有效保持专注。

这个范例符合SMART标准：目标具体——针对明确成果；可量化——承诺投入固定时段；可实现——预留充足时间；具相关性——与刚完成的拍摄项目直接关联；有时限——清晰规划时间节点。

你还可以结合其他效率工具强化这五个维度。比如针对上述案例，应采用时间盒与时间块管理法，在日程表中明确标定每日上午十点的工作时段。

效率专家博恩·崔西建议将SMART目标视作个人行动纲领，用它精确勾勒任务内容、执行方式和完成期限。这种目标设定法的妙处在于：凡超出五要素范畴的事项皆可忽略，使你始终聚焦核心环节。将目标记录在计划本或手机中以便随时查阅，当需要明确优先事项时，这些简洁直白的条款就是最佳行动指南。

英文来源：

SMART goals are typically associated with work done by a team, but you can implement this productivity-boosting strategy for yourself in all kinds of ways on an individual level, too. Some people use them to study, for instance, and you can use them for personal projects at work, around the house, or whatever else. At their core, SMART goals are designed to help you stay on task and focused on your outcome.
What are SMART goals?
At their core, SMART goals are designed to help you stay on task and focused on your outcome. If you’re not familiar with SMART goals, let’s break down the acronym:
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time-bound
It was conceptualized by George T. Doran in 1981, who took to the Management Review to criticize what he saw as many companies’ poor goal-setting.
He suggested goals should be specific to those five characteristics—though in his original version, the “A” stood for “assignable,” not “attainable,” so it does make sense we associate this with corporate teams (so workers could have more direction). He was all about having clearly defined objectives so every person in a workplace was on the same page, but SMART goals can be helpful for you, too, even if you’re working alone, because they help you identify exactly what your goals need in order to be met.
How do you implement SMART goals in your life?
SMART goals work best when you lay them out clearly. You should be writing SMART goal statements, making sure your statement contains all five of the criteria. For example, if you’re a freelance photographer working on a big wedding, you could write, “My goal is to have all the wedding photos edited and sent to the clients by next Friday. I will do this by setting aside time at 10 a.m. every day of the week to edit them in batches." You can also add something like, "Accomplishing this goal will keep me ahead of schedule, ensure I am paid on time, and earn me a positive customer review.” I often find that tying some stakes to the goal and making sure I keep them in mind helps me stay focused.
This example goal is specific because it’s related to one well-defined outcome; it's measurable because you’re committing to setting aside time to take it on; it's achievable because you gave yourself enough time to get it done; it's relevant because it’s related to a photoshoot you just completed; and it's time-bound because the schedule and deadlines are clearly laid out.
You can also use other productivity techniques to complement those five elements. For instance, with the SMART goal above, you should use time boxing and time blocking to clearly set aside that 10 a.m. work time in your calendar.
Productivity guru Brian Tracy says you should think of your SMART goals like a personal mission statement, using them to outline precisely what you need to do, how you’ll do it, and when you’ll have it done. The beauty of using these parameters to set goals is that anything that falls outside of the five guidelines can be disregarded so you can focus on the most important elements. Write them in your planner or on your phone, so you can always see them, and refer to them in all their straightforward simplicity when you need a reminder of what your priorities should be.