内容来源：https://www.theverge.com/news/861531/defiance-act-senate-passage-deepfakes-grok

内容总结：

美国参议院近日通过一项法案，旨在为未经同意被恶意合成色情图像（即“深度伪造”）的受害者提供法律维权途径。该法案名为《禁止伪造图像及非自愿编辑法案》（DEFIANCE Act），允许受害者对制作此类图像的个人提起民事诉讼并要求赔偿。法案在参议院获得全票通过，未遭遇任何反对意见。

此举正值全球范围内对社交媒体平台X上大规模AI“脱衣”合成图像事件的强烈抗议。尽管平台所有者埃隆·马斯克将责任归咎于用户，但X仍持续允许其AI聊天机器人Grok生成此类侵权内容。法案主要发起人、参议院民主党党鞭迪克·德宾批评该平台对受害者求助置之不理，且未及时删除违法内容。

该法案是对2022年《反女性暴力法》相关条款的扩展，将维权范围从传统隐私侵权延伸至AI生成的深度伪造图像。此前，泰勒·斯威夫特等公众人物遭受的AI色情图像泛滥事件加速了立法进程。目前法案已提交众议院审议，若获通过将提交总统签署生效。

近年来，英国等多国已相继立法打击非自愿深度伪造色情内容，反映出全球正加强对AI技术滥用的法律监管。

中文翻译：

美国参议院通过一项法案，为未经同意遭AI换脸制作色情内容的受害者提供了新的维权途径。这项《抵制伪造图像与非自愿编辑法案》（简称DEFIANCE法案）允许受害者对制作此类图像的个人提起民事诉讼索赔。法案以全体一致同意方式获得通过——这意味着无需进行唱名表决，且本周二没有任何参议员在议事厅提出反对。

该法案的推进正值全球对X平台大规模AI"脱衣"功能的强烈抗议之际。世界各地的政策制定者近期纷纷威胁要对X平台采取行动，因其允许用户通过Grok聊天机器人制作未经同意的性暗示AI图像。X平台所有者埃隆·马斯克将责任推卸给使用Grok的用户，声称"任何利用Grok制作非法内容者将承担与上传非法内容相同的后果"。但即便遭遇抵制，X平台仍继续允许用户通过Grok生成虚拟"脱衣"图像。

作为法案主要发起人之一，参议院民主党党鞭迪克·德宾在议事发言中特别提及Grok的非自愿"脱衣"功能："即使这些恶劣的深度伪造侵权内容被指出，Grok和X平台（前身为推特）也毫无反应。他们既不从互联网删除这些图像，也不对受害者施以援手。"虽然今年晚些时候将全面生效的《下架法案》删除条款可能对X平台产生影响，但DEFIANCE法案主要针对个体行为者，例如那些利用Grok制作非自愿亲密图像深度伪造品的用户。

受近期Grok争议推动，全球多国政府正在建立针对AI生成非自愿图像的新保护机制。例如英国近期加速推进立法，将未经同意制作亲密深度伪造品的行为定为刑事犯罪。

DEFIANCE法案在2024年参议院通过前，X平台曾爆发另一起非自愿深度伪造丑闻。今年初，泰勒·斯威夫特的AI生成色情图像在该平台广泛传播。德宾与参议员林赛·格雷厄姆、艾米·克洛布彻、乔什·霍利共同提出该法案，旨在扩展《2022年反暴力侵害妇女法重新授权法案》中的条款——该条款原本仅保障非AI生成的亲密图像遭非自愿传播者的起诉权。众议员亚历山大·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯（本人曾遭数字篡改制作非自愿亲密深度伪造品）在众议院发起该法案。上届国会期间法案在众议院搁置未表决，导致参议院今年必须重新审议。目前决定权再次回到众议院领导层手中，若他们决定将法案提交表决，则需通过后才能呈交总统签署。

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英文来源：

The Senate passed a bill that could give people who’ve found their likeness deepfaked into sexually-explicit images without their consent a new way to fight back.
Senate passes a bill that would let nonconsensual deepfake victims sue
It comes amid the global uproar over X’s mass AI undressing of users on its platform.
It comes amid the global uproar over X’s mass AI undressing of users on its platform.
The Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act (DEFIANCE Act), would let victims sue the individuals who created the images for civil damages. The bill passed with unanimous consent — meaning there was no roll-call vote, and no Senator objected to its passage on the floor Tuesday. It’s meant to build on the work of the Take It Down Act, a law that criminalizes the distribution of nonconsensual intimate images (NCII) and requires social media platforms to promptly remove them.
The passage comes as policymakers around the world have threatened action against X for enabling users to create nonconsensual and sexually suggestive AI images with its Grok chatbot. X owner Elon Musk has shrugged off blame onto the individuals prompting Grok, writing, “Anyone using Grok to make illegal content will suffer the same consequences as if they upload illegal content.” But even after pushback, X continued to let users prompt Grok to virtually strip people down.
Senate Democratic Whip Dick Durbin (D-IL), a lead sponsor of the bill, referenced Grok’s nonconsensual undressing in remarks on the Senate floor. “Even after these terrible deepfake, harming images are pointed out to Grok and to X, formerly Twitter, they do not respond. They don’t take the images off of the internet. They don’t come to the rescue of people who are victims,” Durbin said. Though the Take It Down Act, whose takedown provision goes into full force later this year, could have implications for X, the DEFIANCE Act would impact individuals, like those Grok users creating deepfaked nonconsensual intimate imagery.
Governments around the world are creating new protections against AI-generated nonconsensual images, spurred in part by the recent Grok controversy. The UK, for example, recently pushed up a law that criminalizes the creation of nonconsensual intimate deepfakes.
The DEFIANCE Act similarly passed the Senate in 2024 following a different nonconsensual deepfake scandal on X. Early that year, sexually explicit AI-generated images of Taylor Swift circulated on the platform. Durbin along with Sens. Lindsey Graham (R-SC), Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), and Josh Hawley (R-MO) introduced the bill to expand on a provision in the Violence Against Women Act Reauthorization Act of 2022, which gave people whose non-AI generated intimate images were shared without consent a right to sue. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY), who has found her own image digitally altered in nonconsensual intimate deepfakes, sponsored the bill in the House. The bill stalled in the House without a vote during the last Congress, requiring the Senate to take it up again this year. Now the ball is again in the House leadership’s court; if they decide to bring the bill to the floor, it will have to pass in order to reach the president’s desk.
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