内容来源：https://www.geekwire.com/2025/google-antitrust-ruling-gives-microsoft-a-shaky-bridge-over-search-giants-competitive-moat/

内容总结：

美国联邦法院近日针对谷歌反垄断案作出历史性裁决，禁止谷歌签订将搜索引擎作为浏览器和手机默认选项的排他性协议。这项判决虽为微软等竞争对手创造了潜在发展机遇，但法律与市场专家普遍认为，其实际效力可能难以撼动谷歌的垄断地位。

根据华盛顿特区地方法院法官阿米特·梅塔的裁定，谷歌仍可继续支付高额费用维持默认搜索引擎地位，只要合作方保留预装或推广竞品的权利。作为关键补充措施，法院要求谷歌未来五年以商业合理条款向竞争对手提供自然搜索结果和文字广告授权。这意味着微软Bing搜索引擎及其Copilot聊天机器人可整合谷歌行业领先的搜索数据，短期内提升市场竞争力。

然而微软官方对是否利用这一机遇持谨慎态度，公司发言人对裁决不予置评。法律界人士指出，判决未采纳司法部提出的结构性改革方案（如拆分Chrome浏览器或禁止默认位置支付），被批评为"过度宽松"。谷歌股价在裁决公布后上涨超8%，反映出市场认为其核心业务未受实质性冲击。

值得注意的是，本案大量援引微软二十年前的反垄断判例作为法理依据。法官在裁决书中明确指出："与昔日的微软一样，谷歌确实阻碍了真正竞争"，但基于历史经验，最终选择了相对温和的矫正方案。分析人士认为，由于用户习惯和网络效应形成的壁垒，即便在法律层面打破垄断协议，市场竞争格局仍难发生根本性转变。

中文翻译：

一项旨在解决谷歌搜索垄断问题的关键反垄断裁决，或许为微软创造了多年来最佳的竞争机遇——但这机会依然渺茫，且尚不清楚这家雷德蒙德公司是否会认为值得为之付出努力。

在周二下午这份万众期待的判决中，美国地区法官阿米特·梅塔禁止谷歌签订独家协议将其搜索引擎设为浏览器和智能手机的默认选项，其中包括这家搜索巨头与苹果iPhone长达多年的合作协议。但根据裁决，谷歌仍可投入数十亿美元确保默认位臵，只要合作方能自由预装或推广竞争对手产品。这意味着微软既要对抗谷歌的规模优势，又要与其支票簿抗衡。

作为补充措施，梅塔还责令谷歌未来五年以商业合理条款向竞争对手提供自然搜索结果和文字广告授权。对微软而言，这将意味着其用户有望获得由谷歌行业领先索引技术支持的搜索结果和广告服务。

此举可能助力微软必应搜索引擎——进而提升其Copilot聊天机器人——更有效地挑战谷歌的搜索霸主地位。鉴于搜索技术在新兴人工智能领域的基础性作用，这场竞争的赌注比以往任何时候都更高。

但微软是否会利用这些补救措施尚不明朗。当GeekWire周三联系微软时，发言人表示公司对该裁决不予置评。

裁决遭遇强烈批评

与此同时，该判决已引发部分法律专家、企业领袖和竞争者的猛烈抨击。这是因为裁决远未达到司法部及各州总检察长所寻求的深层结构改革目标。原告方曾要求法院考虑分拆谷歌Chrome浏览器或禁止谷歌为获取默认位臵支付的数十亿美元款项。

梅塔法官以可能损害合作伙伴和消费者利益为由驳回了这些提议。因此，谷歌仍能通过支付巨额资金维持默认搜索引擎地位，并持续受益于其规模带来的强大网络效应。

谷歌的批评者称该裁决过于宽松，错失了良机。一些行业分析师称之为法官的"重大失误"——暗示其在实践中难以松动谷歌对市场的掌控，即便在理论上创造了新机遇。

具有历史讽刺意味的是，微软二十年前自身的反垄断案在此次判决中扮演了关键角色。梅塔法官以该案为主要判例，甚至在判决书中写道："与此前的微软一样，谷歌阻碍了真正竞争。"早前的案例确立了反垄断执法无需证明没有违法行为竞争对手就能蓬勃发展——只需证明该行为有助于维持垄断地位的标准。

但这也限制了补救措施的范围，使梅塔未选择分拆谷歌，而是采取更温和手段：禁止独家协议、责令数据共享、要求五年技术授权。梅塔在判决书中指出："证据明确显示独家协议对竞争的影响——它们将搜索生态系统'冻结'在了现有状态。"

法庭注意到，仅2022年谷歌就向苹果支付约200亿美元以成为Safari浏览器独家默认搜索引擎，该协议现已被裁定为非法。法官认为这种安排不仅将微软等竞争者排除在外，也极大削弱了苹果开发自主搜索引擎的动力。

"刷牙后用谷歌搜索"

至少从理论上说，梅塔的裁决意味着微软可通过新分销协议让必应预装到智能手机上，同时短期依赖谷歌授权搜索结果，并利用相关数据共享机制优化必应自有系统。长远来看，微软将逐步积累独立竞争所需的查询量和用户数据，而非永久依赖谷歌。

微软多年来持续完善自有搜索索引，频繁宣传其搜索结果与谷歌相比已具有同等品质。然而在谷歌反垄断庭审中，微软CEO萨提亚·纳德拉作证称，由用户习惯强化的设备和软件默认设置力量几乎无法撼动。"人们清晨起床，刷完牙就用谷歌搜索"，纳德拉向法庭描述微软陷入的"恶性循环"：谷歌的默认设臵带来更多数据，数据提升产品质量，而质量优势又使竞争对手更难获取分销渠道。

裁决消息公布后，谷歌股价今日早盘涨幅超过8%。

英文来源：

A pivotal antitrust ruling aimed at addressing Google’s search monopoly may have handed Microsoft its best competitive opening in many years — but it’s still a slim one, and it’s not clear if the Redmond company will even consider it worth the effort.
In the long-awaited decision Tuesday afternoon, U.S. District Judge Amit P. Mehta barred Google from entering into exclusive contracts that make its search engine the default on browsers and smartphones, such as the search giant’s longstanding deal involving Apple’s iPhone.
But under the ruling, Google can still spend billions to secure default slots, as long as partners remain free to preload or promote rivals. That leaves Microsoft to fight both Google’s scale and its checkbook.
So as an additional fix, Mehta also ordered Google to syndicate its organic search results and text ads to rivals for up to five years on commercially reasonable terms. For Microsoft, that could mean the ability to offer its users search results and ads backed by Google’s industry-leading index.
That could help Microsoft’s Bing search engine — and by extension its Copilot chatbot — compete more effectively against Google’s search dominance. The stakes are higher than ever given the foundational role of search in the emerging world of artificial intelligence.
But it’s not clear if Microsoft will try to take advantage of the remedies. Contacted by GeekWire on Wednesday, a spokesperson said the company had no comment on the ruling.
Ruling faces strong criticism
In the meantime, the decision is already drawing harsh critiques from some legal experts, business leaders, and competitors. That’s because the ruling falls well short of the deep structural changes sought by the Justice Department and state attorneys general.
The plaintiffs asked the court to consider measures such as breaking off Google’s Chrome browser or banning the multibillion-dollar payments Google makes to secure default placement.
Judge Mehta rejected those proposals, citing the risk of harming partners and consumers. As a result, Google retains the ability to pay huge sums to remain the default choice, while still benefiting from the powerful network effects of its scale.
Google’s critics called the ruling overly lenient and a missed opportunity. Some industry analysts called it a “big whiff” by the judge — suggesting it will do little to loosen Google’s grip on the market in practice, even if it creates new openings on paper.
In a twist of historical irony, Microsoft’s own antitrust case from two decades ago played a central role in the ruling. Judge Mehta leaned on that case as his main precedent, even writing, “Like Microsoft before it, Google has thwarted true competition.”
The earlier case set the standard that antitrust enforcers don’t need to prove rivals would have thrived without the illegal conduct — only that the conduct helped preserve monopoly power.
But it also limited the remedies, steering Mehta away from a breakup of Google and toward narrower steps: banning exclusive contracts, ordering data-sharing, and requiring syndication for five years.
“The evidence presented required no guesswork about the exclusive agreements’ impacts on competition — they ‘froze’ the search ecosystem in place,” Mehta wrote in the ruling.
The court noted that Google paid an estimated $20 billion to Apple in 2022 alone to be the exclusive default search engine on Safari, a deal the ruling now makes illegal. That arrangement, the judge found, not only locked out rivals like Microsoft but also created a strong disincentive for Apple to build a rival search engine of its own.
‘Brush your teeth and search on Google’
In theory, at least, Mehta’s ruling means Microsoft could get Bing preloaded on smartphones under new distribution deals, while relying on syndicated Google results in the short term, and using the associated data-sharing remedy to better train Bing’s own systems.
Over time, the idea is that Microsoft would build up the volume of queries and user data it needs to compete independently, rather than being permanently reliant on Google.
Microsoft has been working for years to improve its own search index, frequently touting the parity of its own search results in head-to-head comparisons with Google over the years.
However, in Google’s antitrust trial, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella testified that the power of device and software defaults, reinforced by habit, is nearly impossible to overcome.
“You get up in the morning, you brush your teeth and you search on Google,” Nadella told the court, describing Microsoft as being caught in a “vicious cycle” in which Google’s defaults give it more data, which improves quality, which makes it harder for competitors to win distribution.
Google shares are up more than 8% this morning on news of the ruling.