内容来源：https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/19/why-californias-sb-53-might-provide-a-meaningful-check-on-big-ai-companies/

内容总结：

加州参议院近日最终通过了一项名为SB 53的人工智能安全法案，现已提交州长加文·纽森等待签署或否决。该法案由州参议员斯科特·维纳牵头起草，相较于其去年被否决的SB 1047法案，新法案聚焦年收入超过5亿美元的大型人工智能企业，要求其公布模型安全报告、主动上报安全事故，并为员工提供受法律保护的企业内部问题举报渠道。

业界分析认为，该法案通过概率高于此前版本，因其规避了对初创企业的限制，并获得人工智能公司Anthropic公开支持。专家指出，加州作为全球人工智能产业核心聚集区，其立法动向具有行业风向标意义。值得注意的是，联邦政府与各州在人工智能监管领域的权力博弈可能因本届联邦政府反对监管的立场而加剧。

（根据TechCrunch旗下播客节目《Equity》对话内容整理）

中文翻译：

加利福尼亚州参议院近日最终批准了一项新的人工智能安全法案SB 53，现已提交州长加文·纽森等待签署或否决。若此事听来似曾相识，是因为纽森去年曾否决了同样由州参议员斯科特·维纳起草的另一项人工智能安全法案。但SB 53相较于维纳此前提出的SB 1047范围更窄，主要针对年收入超过5亿美元的大型人工智能企业。

在TechCrunch旗舰播客《Equity》最新一期节目中，我与同事马克斯·泽夫和柯尔斯滕·科罗塞克就该法案进行了探讨。马克斯认为维纳的新法案更有望成为法律，部分原因在于其聚焦大企业立场，且已获得人工智能公司Anthropic的支持。

以下是关于人工智能安全与州级立法的对话节选（内容经过精简梳理和语言优化）：

马克斯：为何要关注加州议会通过的人工智能安全立法？我们正进入人工智能企业成为全球最具影响力商业实体的时代，而这类立法可能将成为制约其权力的少数有效手段之一。与去年遭遇强烈反对的SB 1047相比，当前法案范围大幅收窄。但SB 53仍将对人工智能实验室实施实质性监管：要求发布模型安全报告，强制上报安全事故，并为担忧公司行为的员工提供直达政府的举报渠道——即使他们签署过保密协议。这或许能成为科技巨头权力的有效制衡，这是过去二十年间我们始终缺乏的。

柯尔斯滕：关于州级立法的重要性，必须注意到这是加州。所有主要人工智能公司即便总部不设于此，也在此拥有重要业务据点。其他州固然重要（比如科罗拉多的朋友们请别误会），但加州的特殊地位在于它确实是人工智能活动的核心枢纽。不过马克斯，新法案似乎存在大量例外条款，虽然范围收窄，但是否比先前法案更复杂？

马克斯：确实如此。该法案主要排除了对小型初创企业的适用性。代表旧金山的斯科特·维纳参议员的上次立法尝试之所以引发争议，正是因为许多人认为可能损害初创生态——这恰是当前加州经济最蓬勃的组成部分。新法案明确针对通过人工智能模型创收超5亿美元的开发者，真正目标在于OpenAI、谷歌DeepMind等巨头而非普通初创企业。

安东尼：据我理解，小型初创企业仍需分享部分安全信息，但远少于大企业要求。此外值得讨论宏观监管态势：去年与今年的重大变化在于新总统上任后，联邦政府采取了"不监管"立场，主张企业应自由发展，甚至在资金法案中纳入禁止各州自行监管人工智能的条款。虽然相关条款尚未通过，但未来可能推进。这或许将成为特朗普政府与蓝州之间新的博弈战场。

《Equity》是TechCrunch旗舰播客节目，由特蕾莎·洛科索洛制作，每周三、五更新。欢迎在Apple Podcasts、Overcast、Spotify等平台订阅，也可通过X和Threads关注@EquityPod。

英文来源：

California’s state senate recently gave final approval to a new AI safety bill, SB 53, sending it to Governor Gavin Newsom to either sign or veto.
If this all sounds familiar, that’s because Newsom vetoed another AI safety bill, also written by state senator Scott Wiener, last year. But SB 53 is narrower than Wiener’s previous SB 1047, with a focus on big AI companies making more than $500 million in annual revenue.
I got the chance to discuss SB 53 with my colleagues Max Zeff and Kirsten Korosec on the latest episode of TechCrunch’s flagship podcast Equity. Max believes that Wiener’s new bill has a better shot of becoming law, partly because of that big company focus, and because it’s been endorsed by AI company Anthropic.
Read a preview of our conversation about AI safety and state-level legislation below. (I’ve edited the transcript for length and clarity, and to make us sound slightly smarter.)
Max: Why should you care about AI safety legislation that’s passing a chamber in California? We’re entering this era where AI companies are becoming the most powerful companies in the world, and this is going to be potentially one of the few checks on their power.
This is much narrower than SB 1047, which got a lot of pushback last year. But I think SB 53 still puts some meaningful regulations on the AI labs. It makes them publish safety reports for their models. If they have an incident, it basically forces them to report that to the government. And it also, for employees at these labs, if they have concerns, gives them a channel to report that to the government and not face pushback from the companies, even though a lot of them have signed NDAs.
To me, this feels like a potentially meaningful check on tech companies’ power, something we haven’t really had for the last couple of decades.
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Kirsten: To your point about why it matters at the state level, it’s important to think about the fact that it’s California. Every major AI company is pretty much, if not based here, it has a major footprint in this state. Not that other states don’t matter — I do not want to be getting emails from the folks in Colorado or whatever — but it does matter that it’s specifically California because it’s really a hub of AI activity.
My question for you, though, Max, is it just seems like there’s a lot of exceptions and carve-outs. It’s narrower, but is it more complicated than the previous [bill]?
Max: In some ways, yes. I would say the main carve-out of this bill is that it really tries to not apply to small startups. And basically, one of the main controversies around the last legislative effort from Senator Scott Weiner, who represents San Francisco, who authored this bill, a lot of people said it could harm the startup ecosystem, which a lot of people take issue with because that’s such a booming part of California’s economy right now.
This bill specifically applies to AI developers that are [generating] more than $500 million [from] their AI models. This really tries to target OpenAI, Google DeepMind, these big companies and not your run-of-the-mill startup.
Anthony: As I understand it, if you’re a smaller startup, you do have to share some safety information, but not nearly as much.
It’s [also] worth talking about the broader landscape around AI regulation and the fact that one of the big changes between last year and this year is now we have a new president. The federal administration has taken much more of a stance of no regulation and companies should be able to do what they want, to the extent that they’ve actually included [language] in funding bills saying states cannot have their own AI regulation.
I don’t think any of that has passed so far, but potentially they could try to get that through in the future. So this could be another front in which the Trump administration and blue states are fighting.
Equity is TechCrunch’s flagship podcast, produced by Theresa Loconsolo, and posts every Wednesday and Friday.
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