内容来源：https://www.sciencenews.org/article/detached-hand-robot-fingertips-ai

内容总结：

瑞士科研团队近日成功研发出一款突破传统仿生设计的机械手，其灵活性与多功能性令人联想到科幻作品中的奇幻设定。该成果于1月20日发表在《自然·通讯》期刊上。

这款机械手不仅能够像人类手指一样抓握物体，还能实现指尖爬行、手指反向弯曲、与机械臂快速拆解组合等超常规动作。其独特设计使其能在人类手掌无法进入的狭窄空间执行探测和取物任务。

洛桑联邦理工学院机器人学教授奥德·比拉德表示：“我们多年来一直希望突破传统仿生手的局限，这款设计将启发人们重新思考‘手’的定义。”研究团队采用遗传算法进行模拟优化，最终设计出五指和六指两种版本。

实验显示，机械手既能完成捏取圆球、握持金属杆等常规动作，还能实现双面抓握、单手开瓶盖等高难度操作。哥伦比亚大学机械工程师马泰·乔卡利评价称：“这项研究展示了摆脱人体结构限制后，机器人设计能达到的全新高度。”

更令人惊叹的是，当脱离机械臂后，机械手可用四到五根手指稳定爬行，同时用其余手指抓取物品。在测试中，它曾独立爬向木块并将其运回机械臂处。

武汉大学机器人学专家高啸指出，这种爬行机器人未来可用于管道检测、仓库货物分拣、灾后狭缝救援等场景，甚至有望发展为新型义肢。不过比拉德教授强调，如何让人类大脑适应非仿生肢体的控制，仍需进一步研究。

中文翻译：

如果《亚当斯一家》是科幻剧，"小手"或许会长成这样。研究人员1月20日在《自然·通讯》杂志发表报告称，他们研发出一种机械手，不仅能以指尖爬行，还能向后弯曲手指，与机械臂连接或分离，并能同时抓取携带一个或多个物体。凭借其非凡的灵活性，这种机械手可在人类手掌难以进入的狭窄空间内穿行并取回物品。

瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院机器人学与人工智能研究员奥德·比拉德表示："设计一款突破拟人化桎梏的新型机械手是我多年来的梦想。这促使人们跳出思维定式，重新思考手与手指的本质。"研究团队采用名为"遗传算法"的机器学习工具，模拟不同机器人特性组合的协同效果，逐步优化设计并绘制出多款具备爬行、抓取和搬运功能的类手形机器人蓝图，最终在实验室制造出五指与六指两种版本。

当连接机械臂时，这款机械手能像人类手掌般抓取物体：用双指捏起圆球，四指环绕金属杆，或将扁平圆盘夹于指掌之间。但它不受人体结构限制——手指可自如前后弯曲，能同时用手掌正反两面握持物体，甚至能在固定芥末瓶位置时拧开瓶盖。

未参与该研究的哥伦比亚大学机械工程师马泰·乔卡利评价："这项研究完美展示了摆脱人类因素束缚后，机器人设计能达到的全新境界。"研究团队发现，脱离机械臂时，机器人最稳定的运动模式是用四到五根手指行走，并动用一至两根手指抓取物品。在双机测试中，机械手脱离机械臂后以指为足爬向木块，用单指拾取并运回机械臂。

现任职于武汉大学的机器人学专家高啸指出，这种爬行机器人未来或可用于人类及大型机器人无法进入的细小管道设备工业检测，在仓库中取物或在灾难救援中穿越狭窄空间。它甚至可能成为义肢——不过比拉德表示，人类大脑如何控制并适应非人体结构的肢体仍需进一步研究。

英文来源：

If The Addams Family was a science fiction show, “Thing” might look something like this.
Researchers have developed a robotic hand that can not only skitter about on its fingertips, it can also bend its fingers backward, connect and disconnect from a robotic arm and pick up and carry one or more objects at a time, researchers report January 20 in Nature Communications. With its unusual agility, it could navigate and retrieve objects in spaces too confined for human hands.
“It’s been a dream of mine for many, many years to design a new hand which departs from anthropomorphic hands,” says Aude Billard, a robotics and artificial intelligence researcher at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. “It’s allowing people to think out of the box, to rethink what it is to have a hand or finger.”
Billard and her colleagues used a type of machine learning tool called a genetic algorithm, which simulated how different combinations of robot traits would work together. That allowed the team to gradually optimize the design and come up with several blueprints for roughly hand-shaped bots that could crawl, grasp and carry objects. The researchers then built a five-fingered and a six-fingered version in the lab.
When attached to the mechanical arm, the robotic hand could pick up objects much like a human hand. The bot pinched a ball between two fingers, wrapped four fingers around a metal rod and held a flat disc between fingers and palm.
But the bot isn’t constrained by human anatomy. The fingers bend backward just as easily as forward, allowing the robot to hold objects against both sides of its palm simultaneously. It can even unscrew the cap off a mustard bottle while holding the bottle in place.
The study “is a beautiful example of what you can achieve if you approach robotic design without being weighed down by all the constraints of the human factor,” says Matei Ciocarlie, a mechanical engineer at Columbia University who wasn’t involved in the research.
When the robot was separated from the arm, it was most stable walking on four or five fingers and using one or two fingers for grabbing and carrying things, the team found. In one set of trials with both bots, the hand detached from the robotic arm and used its fingers as legs to skitter over to a wooden block. Once there, it picked up the block with one finger and carried it back to the arm.
The crawling bot could one day aid in industrial inspections of pipes and equipment too small for a human or larger robot to access, says Xiao Gao, a roboticist now at Wuhan University in China. It might retrieve objects in a warehouse or navigate confined spaces in disaster response efforts. It might even work as a prosthetic hand — though Billard says further research is needed to understand how human brains would control and respond to limbs that don’t match human anatomy.