内容来源：https://www.geekwire.com/2026/spacex-fcc-million-data-center-satellites/

内容总结：

SpaceX申请部署百万卫星群构建"轨道数据中心"，瞄准AI与星际未来

美国太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）近日向美国联邦通信委员会提交申请，计划在近地轨道部署规模高达100万颗卫星的巨型星座，旨在打造为人工智能应用服务的"轨道数据中心"。此举若获批准，不仅将重塑全球AI基础设施竞争格局，也可能成为人类迈向"多行星物种"的关键一步。

根据SpaceX于上周五提交的文件，该公司宣称这一计划是"迈向卡尔达肖夫Ⅱ型文明（能够利用恒星全部能量）的第一步"，同时可为数十亿人提供AI驱动服务，并为人类星际未来奠定基础。该星座拟部署在距地500至2000公里的多个轨道层，每颗卫星将配备辐射面板实现太空散热，并通过激光链路互联，构成太空计算网络。

SpaceX强调轨道数据中心的显著优势：可直接利用近乎持续的太阳能，大幅降低运营成本和能耗，减少传统数据中心对电力、水冷资源的依赖及环境影响。马斯克此前在社交媒体表示，该计划可通过升级现有"星链V3"卫星实现。

这一战略布局可能对微软、亚马逊、谷歌等AI巨头及多家航天企业构成挑战，同时将利好SpaceX位于华盛顿州雷德蒙德的卫星制造基地，并为马斯克旗下xAI公司的发展提供支撑。据《华尔街日报》报道，马斯克考虑推动SpaceX上市部分原因正是为轨道数据中心及xAI募集资金。

尽管SpaceX承诺将采用激光传输降低卫星间干扰、确保寿命末期安全处置，并继续与科学界合作降低对天文观测的影响，但百万卫星规模仍引发担忧。去年9月荷兰天文学者的研究指出，"星链"卫星已对科研观测造成干扰。对此马斯克辩称太空极其广袤，百万卫星"彼此间距遥远难以互见"。

为加速推进，SpaceX已向FCC申请豁免多项监管程序。该计划最终能否落地，仍需跨越技术、监管与国际协调等多重关卡。

中文翻译：

SpaceX创始人埃隆·马斯克关于打造巨型轨道数据中心的计划并非戏言：该公司正提请美国联邦通信委员会批准一项计划，拟在轨道部署多达100万颗卫星，为人工智能应用提供数据处理服务。

SpaceX在周五提交给联邦通信委员会的申请文件中表示："发射由百万颗卫星组成的轨道数据中心星座，是迈向卡尔达肖夫Ⅱ型文明——能够完全利用太阳能量——的第一步，同时为当今数十亿人提供人工智能驱动应用，并确保人类在星际间的多行星未来。"

若该计划得以实现，可能对包括微软、亚马逊、谷歌和OpenAI在内的人工智能巨头构成挑战，同时也将冲击西雅图地区的太空企业，如Starcloud、Sophia Space和杰夫·贝索斯的蓝色起源太空公司——这些企业都瞄准了新兴的数据中心市场。

另一方面，该计划可能为SpaceX位于华盛顿州雷德蒙德的制造工厂带来利好，该工厂目前为星链宽带星座生产卫星；同时也有利于马斯克的xAI公司。在SpaceX考虑首次公开募股之际，xAI一直是合并谈判的焦点。《华尔街日报》援引匿名消息人士称，马斯克决定让SpaceX上市的部分原因是为建设轨道数据中心筹集更多资金，并助力xAI发展。

人工智能公司一直在考虑利用太阳能数据中心卫星来规避地面设施的局限性，例如电力需求的快速增长以及冷却系统的用水问题。

SpaceX的申请文件强调了地外数据处理的优势："通过直接利用近乎持续的太阳能，且运营和维护成本极低，这些卫星将实现变革性的成本和能源效率，同时显著减少与地面数据中心相关的环境影响。"

去年十月，马斯克在其X社交媒体平台上讨论轨道数据中心前景时，将这项任务描述得颇为简单："只需对配备高速激光链路的星链V3卫星进行升级即可实现，"他写道，"SpaceX将着手推进此事。"

但SpaceX的申请文件展示了一个相对复杂的布局：数千颗卫星将部署在距地球500至2000公里（310至1242英里）的轨道层中，每个轨道层的高度跨度可达50公里（31英里）。每颗卫星都将配备辐射面板，以便在太空真空中散热。

SpaceX表示能够妥善处理卫星寿命终结后的安全处置问题。公司坚称其控制系统能够避免卫星碰撞，且大多数数据传输将通过激光进行——据称这将降低对其他公司卫星的干扰风险。不过，卫星也将使用Ka波段无线电传输作为备用方案。

SpaceX指出，新星座的星间激光链路"可与SpaceX第一代和第二代星链系统的卫星建立连接"。

为加速星座建设，SpaceX请求联邦通信委员会豁免该项目的多项监管障碍，包括允许其他卫星运营商对该计划提出意见的审议程序。

申请文件未详细说明SpaceX将如何减轻对天文观测或夜空景观的影响——这一问题在星链部署过程中已引发争议。去年九月，荷兰天文学家牵头的一项研究发现，星链的干扰正在阻碍科研工作的开展。

正如预期，SpaceX描绘了更乐观的前景："SpaceX将继续保持与科学界和天文学界成功合作与创新的良好记录，通过开发行业领先的亮度缓解技术等方式，保障他们的重要科研任务，"申请文件中写道，"此外，SpaceX将与科学界共同探索如何利用该星座支持的强大人工智能工具，加速科学研究并推动太空探索。"

马斯克在X平台上发文称，即使再增加百万颗卫星也不会产生太大影响。"卫星间距实际上会非常遥远，甚至难以相互观测，"他写道，"宇宙的浩瀚远超人类理解范畴。"

英文来源：

SpaceX founder Elon Musk wasn’t kidding about his plans to go big with orbital data centers: The company is asking the Federal Communications Commission to approve a plan to put up to a million satellites in orbit to process data for artificial intelligence applications.
“Launching a constellation of a million satellites that operate as orbital data centers is a first step towards becoming a Kardashev II-level civilization — one that can harness the sun’s full power — while supporting AI-driven applications for billions of people today and ensuring humanity’s multiplanetary future amongst the stars,” SpaceX said in an application filed with the FCC on Friday.
If realized, the plan could pose a challenge to AI titans including Microsoft, Amazon, Google and OpenAI — and to Seattle-area space companies such as Starcloud, Sophia Space and Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin space venture, all of which are aiming to serve the emerging data center market.
On the other hand, it could be a boon for SpaceX’s manufacturing facility in Redmond, Wash., which produces the satellites for SpaceX’s Starlink broadband constellation; and for Musk’s xAI company, which has been the focus of merger talks as SpaceX considers an initial public offering. The Wall Street Journal quoted unidentified sources as saying that Musk decided to take SpaceX public in part to raise more capital to build orbital data centers and to help xAI.
AI companies have been considering the idea of using solar-powered data center satellites to get around the limiting factors for ground-based facilities, such as rapidly growing requirements for electrical power as well as the availability of water for cooling systems.
SpaceX’s application plays up the advantages of off-Earth data processing: “By directly harnessing near-constant solar power with little operating or maintenance costs, these satellites will achieve transformative cost and energy efficiency while significantly reducing the environmental impact associated with terrestrial data centers,” it says.
Musk made the job sound simple when he discussed the prospects for orbital data centers on his X social-media platform last October: “Simply scaling up Starlink V3 satellites, which have high-speed laser links, would work,” he wrote. “SpaceX will be doing this.”
But SpaceX’s application lays out a relatively complex arrangement: Thousands of satellites would be arranged in orbital shells ranging from 500 to 2,000 kilometers (310 to 1,242 miles) above Earth, with each shell spanning up to 50 kilometers (31 miles) in altitude. Each satellite would be equipped with radiator panels to dissipate heat in the vacuum of space.
SpaceX says it can manage the safe disposal of satellites when they reach the end of their operating life. The company insists that its control systems would be able to head off collisions between satellites, and that most data transmissions would be beamed via laser light — which it says would reduce the risk of interference with other companies’ satellites. However, the satellites would also use Ka-band radio transmissions as a backup.
The new constellation’s satellite-to-satellite laser links “may connect among or between those satellites and satellites in SpaceX’s first- and second-generation Starlink system,” SpaceX says.
To accelerate the development of the constellation, SpaceX is asking the FCC to issue waivers that would exempt the project from several regulatory hurdles, including a processing round that would give other satellite operators an opportunity to weigh in on the plan.
The application doesn’t explain in detail what SpaceX would do to mitigate the effect on astronomical observations or views of the night sky — an issue that has sparked controversy in the context of Starlink. Last September, a study led by Dutch astronomers found that interference from Starlink was blinding the work of the research community.
As you’d expect, SpaceX paints a brighter picture: “SpaceX will continue its long track record of successful collaboration and innovation with the scientific and astronomy community to preserve their critical missions, including by developing industry-leading brightness mitigation,” the application says. “Furthermore, SpaceX will explore with the scientific community ways to use the powerful AI tools enabled by this constellation to accelerate their research and enhance space exploration.”
In a post to X, Musk argued that even a million more satellites won’t make much of an impact. “The satellites will actually be so far apart that it will be hard to see from one to another,” he wrote. “Space is so vast as to be beyond comprehension.”