五角大楼正式将Anthropic列为供应链风险。
内容来源：https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence/890347/pentagon-anthropic-supply-chain-risk
内容总结：
五角大楼将AI公司Anthropic正式列为供应链风险企业
经过数周谈判破裂、公开警告及法律诉讼威胁后，美国国防部近日正式将人工智能公司Anthropic列为“供应链风险企业”，标志着双方围绕AI使用政策的矛盾急剧升级，或将诉诸法庭。
据《华尔街日报》周四援引知情人士报道，此项决定将禁止国防承包商在旗下产品中使用Anthropic开发的AI程序Claude，否则将失去与政府合作的资格。尽管该标签通常用于与敌对政府有关联的外国企业，但这是美国本土公司首次被公开列入此类名单。
矛盾核心在于Anthropic拒绝美国国防部将Claude用于两类场景：一是无人类监督的自主致命武器系统，二是大规模监控。五角大楼指责Anthropic试图通过限制政府使用权限获得“过多控制权”，而Anthropic则对政府能否遵守其伦理红线缺乏信任。在谈判过程中，五角大楼曾多次威胁若Anthropic不妥协将启动风险认定程序。上周四Anthropic正式声明拒绝让步后，国防部随即落实了该威胁。
目前尚不清楚此项禁令的执行范围。国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯此前宣称，任何与Anthropic存在“商业往来”的企业——即使合作内容与国防无关——都将被取消国防合同。Anthropic则回应称，如此宽泛的法律适用涉嫌违法。
值得注意的是，尽管赫格塞斯与特朗普政府为Anthropic设定了6个月的整改期限，但剥离工作面临实际困难。据近期报道，在周末美军对伊朗实施导弹袭击并成功击中目标的任务中，基于Claude开发的智能分析工具发挥了关键作用。
中文翻译：
五角大楼正式将Anthropic列为供应链风险
皮特·赫格塞斯曾多次威胁要因该人工智能公司拒绝放宽其可接受使用政策而对其进行惩罚。如今，这一威胁已正式生效。
经过数周失败的谈判、公开的最后通牒以及诉讼威胁，美国国防部正式将Anthropic列为“供应链风险”，此举升级了其与这家AI公司围绕可接受使用政策的争端，并可能将双方的对抗推向法庭。
据《华尔街日报》周四援引知情人士消息首次报道，这一决定将禁止国防承包商在其产品中使用Anthropic的AI程序Claude，否则将无法与政府合作。尽管此类标签通常用于与敌对政府有关联的外国公司，但这是美国公司首次被公开贴上这一标签。
冲突的核心在于Anthropic拒绝允许五角大楼将Claude用于两个目的：无人类监督的自主致命武器和大规模监控。五角大楼认为，Anthropic要求控制政府用途会将过多权力置于私营公司手中，而Anthropic则对政府是否会尊重其红线表示担忧。随着五角大楼日益威胁，若Anthropic拒绝其要求，将使用供应链风险标签，谈判变得愈发激烈。在Anthropic上周四宣布拒绝遵守后，五角大楼兑现了这一威胁。（五角大楼未予置评。Anthropic未立即回应评论请求。）
目前尚不清楚五角大楼将在多大范围内执行这一标签。上周五，国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯在宣布有意将Anthropic列为风险时表示，任何与Anthropic进行“任何商业活动”的公司——即使这些活动与五角大楼的工作无关——其国防合同都将被取消。当时，Anthropic回应称，如此宽泛地适用法律将是违法的。
赫格塞斯和唐纳德·特朗普总统为Anthropic设定了6个月的期限，要求其将Claude从政府系统中移除，但这并非易事，尤其是在军方系统中。上周末美国袭击伊朗，在一次针对性导弹袭击中击毙最高领袖阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊后，有报道称，基于Claude的情报工具在此次任务的成功中发挥了重要作用。
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英文来源：
The Pentagon formally labels Anthropic a supply-chain risk
Pete Hegseth had been threatening to punish the AI company for not loosening its acceptable use policy. Now, it’s official.
Pete Hegseth had been threatening to punish the AI company for not loosening its acceptable use policy. Now, it’s official.
After weeks of failed negotiations, public ultimatums, and lawsuit threats, the Defense Department has formally labeled Anthropic a “supply-chain risk”, escalating its fight with the AI company over their acceptable use policies and potentially bringing their fight to court.
The decision, first reported by The Wall Street Journal on Thursday, citing one source familiar, will bar defense contractors from working with the government if they use Claude, Anthropic’s AI program, in their products. Though the designation is typically applied to foreign companies with ties to adversarial governments, this is the first time that an American company has publicly received this label.
At the heart of the conflict is Anthropic’s refusal to allow the Pentagon to use Claude for two purposes: autonomous lethal weapons without human oversight, and mass surveillance. The Pentagon has argued that Anthropic’s demands for control over government usage would place too much power in the hands of a private company, while Anthropic was not reassured that the government would respect their red lines. The negotiations grew ugly, however, as the Pentagon increasingly threatened to use the supply-chain risk designation should Anthropic refuse to comply with their demands. After Anthropic announced last Thursday that they would not comply, the Pentagon made good on that threat. (The Pentagon did not comment on the record. Anthropic did not immediately return a request for comment.)
It is unclear how broadly the Pentagon will attempt to apply their enforcement of this designation. On Friday, when he announced his intent to label Anthropic a risk, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth stated that any company that performed “any commercial activity” with Anthropic —even outside their work for the Pentagon — would have their defense contracts cancelled. At the time, Anthropic stated in response that such a broad application of the law would be illegal.
Hegseth and President Donald Trump set a 6-month deadline for Anthropic to remove Claude from government systems, but it won’t be easy, especially from the military. After the U.S. attacked Iran over the weekend, killing Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in a targeted missile strike, reports indicated that Claude-powered intelligence tools played a major role in the success of the mission.
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