科技巨头躲过华盛顿州数据中心法规，却难逃销售税法案。
内容总结：
华盛顿州立法机构于周四晚间结束2026年立法会议，会议期间通过了一项针对数据中心行业的重要税收调整法案，同时否决了另一项关于数据中心能耗与环境影响的监管提案。
参议院第6231号法案在会议最后时刻获得通过，该法案取消了现有数据中心设备更新及改造工程享有的销售税减免优惠，但保留了对新建数据中心的税收优惠。此项税收减免政策将于今年7月1日正式终止。据州税务局估算，政策调整将在本两年期内带来6310万美元税收收入，并在2027-2029年间产生约1.439亿美元收入。
法案发起人、西雅图民主党参议员诺埃尔·弗雷姆表示，此次调整是平衡预算的艰难抉择之一。但数据中心联盟州政策副总裁丹·迪奥里奥警告称，此举将对州经济造成"自我伤害"，可能引发就业岗位流失和税收减少，给商业环境带来不确定性。普华永道报告显示，2023年华盛顿州数据中心行业直接提供近9000个工作岗位，间接带动3.9万个就业岗位，为州和地方创造18亿美元税收收入。
与此同时，备受关注的众议院第2515号法案未能通过。该法案要求数据中心公开能源和水资源消耗数据，设定清洁能源使用标准，并强制共享能源需求预测。微软公司政府事务高级总监劳伦·麦克唐纳曾公开反对该提案，称其"具有独特的反竞争性"。法案支持者、奥林匹亚民主党众议员贝丝·多格里奥指出，全球最具影响力的企业通过大规模游说活动最终阻止了该立法进程。
尽管监管法案未获通过，但美国各级政府对数据中心能耗问题的关注持续升温。近期白宫已召集主要科技企业，要求其承诺不推高居民电费账单。华盛顿州的立法博弈反映出在数字经济发展、能源管理与环境保护之间寻求平衡的复杂挑战。
中文翻译：
在华盛顿州，大型科技公司取得了一场重大胜利——一项旨在监管数据中心电价及环境影响的法律提案未能通过。然而，它们也失去了一项重要的税收优惠：州议会在临近休会时通过了《第6231号参议院法案》，取消了现有数据中心设备更新及改造所需材料和劳动力的销售税减免，仅保留新建数据中心的税收优惠。
数据中心联盟州政策副总裁丹·迪奥里奥预测此举将引发严重后果，称这是"对本州经济的自我打击"，最终将导致就业岗位和税收收入减少，并给"本州商业环境带来不确定性"。根据该联盟委托普华永道发布的报告，2023年华盛顿州数据中心直接提供近9000个工作岗位，并间接支撑3.9万个就业岗位，为州和地方创造18亿美元税收收入。迪奥里奥指出，数据中心设备通常每三到五年就需要更新。
这项税收减免将于7月1日终止。州税务局估计，取消该优惠将在当前两年期内增加6310万美元税收，在2027-2029年间增加1.439亿美元税收。法案发起人、西雅图民主党参议员诺埃尔·弗雷姆在早前的公开听证会上表示："今年我们在平衡预算时必须做出许多艰难抉择。"
虽然此项法案获得通过，但数据中心运营商成功规避了《第2515号众议院法案》中一系列影响深远的监管规定。上月该提案即将进入立法最后阶段时，微软公司公开表示反对。微软华盛顿州政府事务高级总监劳伦·麦克唐纳在参议院委员会听证会上表示："我们恳请委员会在对法案进行重大修改前不要推进。"她称该立法"具有独特的反竞争性"。
微软在华盛顿州拥有约30个数据中心，而亚马逊历来将其在太平洋西北地区的数据中心集中在俄勒冈州。亚马逊未就此法案作证，但《西雅图时报》报道称两家公司都积极游说修改法案。反对该法案的各方——包括科技行业代表、工会以及从数据中心获得财政收益的地方政府——均作证指出，数据中心支撑着关键计算基础设施，创造就业岗位并增加财产税收入。
但全美各级领导人和社区都担忧，为互联网和人工智能提供动力的数据中心激增可能带来危害。特朗普总统本月早些时候召集主要科技公司到白宫，要求它们承诺不会推高电费。《第2515号众议院法案》本可将这一承诺法律化，并制定规则要求数据中心披露其用于冷却电子设备的能源和水资源消耗，同时设定清洁能源使用要求，并强制数据中心所有者共享其能源需求预测。该法案获得了环保组织、原住民部落和费率倡导者的支持。
法案发起人、奥林匹亚民主党众议员贝丝·多格里奥表示："世界上一些规模最大、实力最强的企业开展了异常强大的游说活动，以削弱、拖延并最终阻止这项立法。"她补充说，自己仍将继续为此奋斗。
英文来源：
Big tech companies scored a big win in Washington state with the defeat of legislation regulating electricity rate and environmental impacts of data centers — but it lost a significant tax break for the facilities with the 11th-hour passage of Senate Bill 6231.
The state’s Legislature wrapped up its 2026 session Thursday night shortly after signing off on SB 6231, which eliminates a sales tax break on equipment and labor required to refurbish existing data centers. The measure preserved tax benefits for new facilities.
Dan Diorio, vice president of state policy for the Data Center Coalition, predicted significant fallout, calling it a “self-inflicted hit to the state’s economy” that will ultimately cost jobs and tax revenue, creating “uncertainty within the state’s business climate.”
In 2023, data centers provided nearly 9,000 jobs, plus 39,000 indirect jobs in Washington, according to a PwC report commissioned by the Data Center Coalition. The sector generated $1.8 billion in state and local tax revenue.
The equipment inside data centers is typically replaced every three to five years, Diorio said.
The tax break will end on July 1. The state’s Department of Revenue estimates its elimination will generate $63.1 million in the current biennium and $143.9 million for the 2027-29 period.
“We have to make a lot of hard choices this year as we try to balance the budget,” said Sen. Noel Frame, D-Seattle, sponsor of the legislation, in earlier public testimony.
But while this bill passed, data center owners ducked a suite of far-reaching rules included in House Bill 2515. The measure was approaching the legislative finish line last month when Microsoft came out in opposition.
“We respectfully urge the committee not to advance the bill without significant changes,” Lauren McDonald, Microsoft’s senior director of Washington state government affairs, said before a Senate committee. She described the legislation as “uniquely anti-competitive.”
Microsoft has an estimated 30 data centers in Washington, while Amazon has historically concentrated its Pacific Northwest data center footprint in Oregon. Amazon did not testify on the legislation, but the Seattle Times reported that both companies actively lobbied for modifications to the bill.
HB 2515 opponents — including representatives from the tech sector, labor unions and local municipalities that have benefited financially from the facilities — testified that data centers support essential computing infrastructure, create jobs and provide increased property tax revenue.
But across the U.S., leaders and communities at every level are worried about the harms posed by the surge in data centers that power the internet and AI. President Trump earlier this month called major tech companies to the White House to pledge they would not drive up electric bills.
HB 2515 would have codified that commitment and created rules that facilities disclose their use of energy and water that cools data center electronics. It also set requirements for clean power usage and mandates that data center owners share forecasts on their energy needs.
The legislation had support from environmental groups, tribal nations and ratepayer advocates.
“Some of the largest and most powerful corporations in the world deployed an extraordinary lobbying effort to weaken, delay, and ultimately stop this legislation,” said Rep. Beth Doglio, D-Olympia, sponsor of HB 2515. She added that she remains committed to continuing the fight.