特朗普政府将对H-1B签证实施每年10万美元收费制
内容总结：
特朗普政府大幅提高H-1B签证年度费用 科技企业将受重创
美国总统特朗普近日签署行政令，对H-1B工作签证实施每年10万美元的收费新政。根据《纽约时报》报道，企业为每位持该签证赴美工作的外籍员工需连续六年支付年度费用，而非一次性缴清。国土安全部将严格限制未缴纳此项费用的境外申请人签证审批，但允许基于"国家利益"的个案豁免。白宫官员表示该政策仅适用于新申请人，预计将面临法律挑战。
若政策落地，科技行业将遭受显著冲击。数据显示亚马逊拥有超过1万名H-1B签证员工，微软、Meta、苹果和谷歌等科技巨头的持证员工数量均在4000至5500人之间，沃尔玛、英特尔、IBM和英伟达等企业也大量依赖该签证项目。值得注意的是，特斯拉CEO马斯克和Instagram联合创始人克里格都曾通过该签证赴美。
白宫在声明中指责部分IT企业滥用签证制度"人为压低工资"，损害美国本土计算机领域从业者权益。与此同时，特朗普政府推出名为"金卡"的加速移民签证计划，要求申请人向美国商务部捐赠100万美元（个人）或200万美元（企业），优先吸纳"对国家有积极贡献的企业家、投资者和商业人士"。
中文翻译：
特朗普政府对H-1B工作签证实施年费10万美元新政
科技企业将遭受重大冲击
唐纳德·特朗普总统已签署行政令，规定H-1B工作签证申请需额外缴纳10万美元费用。据《纽约时报》报道，此项费用并非一次性征收——企业为持该签证赴美的雇员每年都需支付10万美元，最长可持续六年。国土安全部部长将严格限制"当前身处境外"签证申请者的批准，除非其缴纳该项费用，但政策同时规定"若符合国家利益可逐案豁免"。白宫官员向《纽约时报》表示，新规仅适用于新签证申请人，且很可能面临法律挑战。但若最终落地实施，将对科技行业造成巨大打击。
虽然美国多个行业通过该计划引进技术工人，但科技企业始终是最大受益方。美国公民及移民服务局数据显示，亚马逊拥有超过1万名H-1B签证员工，位列首位。微软、Meta、苹果和谷歌引进的H-1B签证员工数均位列前十，数量在4000至5500人之间。沃尔玛、英特尔、IBM和英伟达也雇佣了大量持该签证的员工。TechCrunch指出，曾与特朗普关系密切的埃隆·马斯克，以及Instagram联合创始人迈克·克里格均持H-1B签证赴美。
白宫在公告中解释称，部分雇主滥用H-1B签证"人为压低工资"，导致美国本土劳动者处于不利地位。公告特别强调："信息技术（IT）企业对H-1B制度的操纵尤为突出，严重损害了计算机相关领域美国员工的利益。"
特朗普还签署了名为"金卡"的新签证计划。政府表示该计划将优先接纳"肯定能为国家做出贡献的外国人，包括成功的企业家、投资人和商界人士"。这是面向能支付政府要求"特定捐赠"人士的快速移民签证计划——个人申请者需向美国商务部捐赠100万美元，企业或类似实体为代表个人申请则需捐赠200万美元。
英文来源：
Trump administration to impose a $100,000-per-year fee for H-1B visas
The new requirement will be a huge blow to tech companies.
President Donald Trump has signed a new executive order, which adds a $100,000 fee to H-1B visa applications. It's not a one-time fee either: The New York Times has reported that companies will have to pay $100,000 a year for any employee it brings over to the US on the visa for up to six years. The Secretary of Homeland Security will restrict approval for visa applications of people who are "currently outside the United States" unless accompanied by the fee, though the rule "allows case-by-case exemptions if [it's] in the national interest." This new requirement will only apply to new visa applicants, a White House official told The Times, and it will likely face legal challenges. If it does get implemented, though, it could deal a huge blow to the tech industry.
While several sectors in the US use the program to bring skilled workers into the country, some of its biggest beneficiaries are in the tech sector. According to the US Citizen and Immigration Services, Amazon has the most number (over 10,000) of workers on the H-1B visa. Microsoft, Meta, Apple and Google are also in the top ten list of employers that brought over H-1B workers, with between 4,000 and 5,500 employees on the visa. Walmart, Intel, IBM and NVIDIA have a considerable number of H-1B workers, as well. As TechCrunch has noted, Elon Musk, who used to be close to the president, came over to the US on the H-1B, as did Instagram co-founder Mike Krieger.
In the White House's announcement, the administration explained that some employers have abused the H-1B visa to "artificially suppress wages," creating a disadvantageous market for Americans. "Information technology (IT) firms in particular have prominently manipulated the H-1B system, significantly harming American workers in computer-related fields," the announcement read.
Trump has also signed an order for a new visa program called the "Gold Card," which the administration says will prioritize "the admission of aliens who will affirmatively benefit the Nation, including successful entrepreneurs, investors, and businessmen and women." It's an expedited immigrant visa program, available to anybody who can afford the "requisite gift" the government asks for. Specifically, the gift made to the US Department of Commerce must be "$1 million for an individual donating on his or her own behalf and $2 million for a corporation or similar entity donating on behalf of an individual."