内容来源：https://www.geekwire.com/2025/startup-leaders-warn-new-100k-h-1b-visa-fee-will-hurt-u-s-entrepreneurship-and-innovation/

内容总结：

特朗普政府近日颁布新规，对H-1B工作签证增设10万美元的附加费用，引发科技行业强烈反响。该政策旨在限制签证滥用、吸引"顶尖人才"，但创业者和投资人士警告称，高额费用将削弱美国科技竞争力，迫使企业和人才流向加拿大、英国等海外市场。

根据新规，企业为外籍高技术人才申请H-1B签证时需额外支付10万美元，远高于目前数千美元的申请成本。西雅图创业公司Outreach联合创始人曼尼·梅迪纳指出，此举将促使科技企业将业务转向多伦多、温哥华或伦敦等海外城市。Y Combinator首席执行官陈嘉兴强调，资金紧张的初创企业难以承受这一新增成本。

移民服务公司Boundless首席执行官王晓表示，美国科技领先地位依赖于全球顶尖人才的汇聚，而此类政策将阻碍国际人才流入，危及美国创新领导地位。数据显示，亚马逊、微软等科技巨头常年位居H-1B签证获批数量前列，这些企业已内部通知持有签证的员工减少国际旅行。

尽管白宫澄清该费用为一次性征收且不影响现有签证持有者，移民服务机构指出，此类政策通常需经国会立法或长达数月的公示程序才能生效，预计将面临法律挑战。目前新政已引发科技行业震荡，其具体实施效果仍取决于后续执法细节和司法裁决结果。

中文翻译：

长期从事创业与风投的业内人士近日针对特朗普总统新推出的H-1B签证附加费政策发出警告，该政策将冲击科技企业及其聘用的外籍员工。特朗普于周五颁布行政令，宣布对H-1B工作签证征收10万美元附加费。该签证允许企业为软件工程、数据科学等STEM领域"特殊专业岗位"聘用高技能外籍人才。

特朗普政府表示，此举旨在遏制H-1B签证项目被滥用，确保签证仅授予"最顶尖人才"。目前企业为每份H-1B申请支付的政府费用及法律成本约为数千美元，而每位工人额外征收10万美元附加费的做法实属空前。

西雅图初创企业Outreach联合创始人曼尼·梅迪纳在领英发文称："当H-1B担保变得令人望而却步，多伦多、温哥华、伦敦等美国境外城市将吸纳这些人才。"正在筹备新创业项目的梅迪纳近期迁居伦敦，他在文中写道："致陷入签证困境的创始人朋友们：伦敦大门始终敞开。"

从理论上讲，大型企业或可消化新增成本，但资金链紧张的初创企业将尤其受创。旧金山Y Combinator首席执行官陈嘉兴在领英表示："初创团队无力承担这项税费。"西雅图移民服务初创公司Boundless首席执行官王晓表示，该政策将"重创H-1B签证制度"，可能损害美国竞争力。

王晓在博文中指出："美国通过吸引全球顶尖人才奠定其科技创新领导地位，此类政策加之对学生签证申请审查日趋严格，使得有志之士难以赴美，危及美国全球创新领导者的地位。"今年获得H-1B签证的员工数量排名中，亚马逊(10,044份)与微软(5,189份)分列第一和第三位。在西雅图地区拥有大量员工的Meta、苹果和谷歌也跻身前十。

西雅图地区拥有全美最大的印度裔群体之一。《西雅图时报》2018年报道称，该地区超过40%的外籍IT工作者来自印度。行政令颁布后，亚马逊与微软已向员工发布备忘录，要求持签证者限制国际旅行并尽快返美。

Axios周六报道称，新费用不适用于现有H-1B签证持有者。Boundless公司表示新政策很可能面临法律挑战，并强调"新签证费用通常需经国会立法或经过数月公示听证的正式规则制定程序方可实施"。西雅图地区另一家移民服务机构Casium补充道："事态仍在发展，公告虽已生效，但实际执行将取决于实施细则、法院对法律挑战的回应以及后续指南的发布。"

最新进展：白宫周六发布声明澄清，新费用为一次性征收，将从下一轮抽签周期开始实施。旅行中的H-1B签证持有者重新入境无需缴费，其出入境权限"与往常保持一致"。

事件背景：此前ICE突击搜查期间，移民收紧政策已引发科技企业与员工震荡。

英文来源：

Longtime entrepreneurs and venture capitalists are sounding the alarm over President Trump’s new H-1B fee that would impact tech companies and the workers they hire from abroad.
Trump announced an executive order Friday outlining the $100,000 fee for H-1B work visas, which allow companies to hire highly skilled foreign workers in “specialty occupations” such as software engineering, data science, and other STEM fields.
By imposing the new fee, the Trump administration says it aims to curb abuse of the H-1B program while reserving visas for only the “best of the best.”
Currently, companies pay several thousand dollars in government fees and legal costs per H-1B application. Adding a $100,000 surcharge per worker would be unprecedented.
“Now we’re making H-1B sponsorship prohibitively expensive, cities outside the U.S., like Toronto, Vancouver, and London will pick up the talent,” Manny Medina, co-founder of Seattle startup Outreach, wrote on LinkedIn.
Medina, who is working on a new startup, recently relocated to London. “To my founder friends stuck in visa limbo: London’s doors are open,” he wrote in his post.
Larger companies could theoretically absorb the new costs, but startups — with limited runway and cash — would be especially impacted. “Early teams can’t swallow that tax,” Garry Tan, CEO at San Francisco’s Y Combinator, wrote on LinkedIn.
Xiao Wang, CEO of Seattle immigration startup Boundless, said the policy would be a “blow to H-1B” and could hurt the country’s competitiveness.
“The U.S. has built its leadership in technology and innovation by making itself the destination of choice for the world’s top talent,” Wang said in a blog post. “Policies like this, alongside growing scrutiny of student visa applications, make it harder for bright, ambitious people to come here and put the United States’ standing as a global leader in innovation at risk.”
Amazon (10,044) and Microsoft (5,189) rank No. 1 and No. 3, respectively, for H-1B visa approvals issued to employees this year. Meta, Apple, and Google — which have substantial workforces in the Seattle region — are also in the top 10.
The Seattle area has one of the largest Asian Indian populations in the U.S. More than 40% of foreign-born IT workers in the Seattle area hail from India, the Seattle Times reported in 2018.
After the executive order went out on Friday, Amazon and Microsoft sent memos to employees notifying visa holders to restrict international travel and return to the U.S.
Axios reported Saturday that the new fee would not apply to existing H-1B holders.
The new policy will likely be challenged in court, according to Boundless, which noted that new visa fees “can typically only be introduced either through legislation passed by Congress or through a formal rulemaking process that requires months of public notice and comment.”
Casium, another Seattle-area immigration startup, added: “This is an evolving situation. The proclamation is now in effect, but its real-world application will depend on how agencies implement it, how courts respond to legal challenges, and whether additional guidance is released.”
Update: In a statement issued on Saturday, the White House clarified that the new fee is a one-time fee that will begin with the next lottery cycle. H-1B visa holders that are traveling will not be charged to re-enter the country, and can leave and re-enter “to the same extent as they normally would.”
Previously: Immigration crackdown rattles tech employers and workers amid ICE raids