内容来源：https://www.theverge.com/science/884191/ai-data-center-energy-state-of-the-union-trump

内容总结：

特朗普宣布科技巨头将签署"用电自供"协议 以应对数据中心激增的电力需求

在近期发表的国情咨文中，美国总统特朗普试图缓解民众对电价上涨的担忧，并宣称已推动一项重大进展。据福克斯新闻报道，亚马逊、谷歌、Meta、微软、xAI、甲骨文和OpenAI等科技公司领导人预计将于3月4日出席活动，签署一项"费率支付者保护承诺"。

根据白宫发言人泰勒·罗杰斯的声明，该倡议要求这些大型科技公司为其新建的人工智能数据中心"自建、引入或购买专属电力供应"。特朗普在演讲中强调，"我们有责任告知主要科技公司，它们必须承担自身的用电需求。"

事实上，为满足生成式AI扩张的需求，部分企业已开始行动。例如，Anthropic和微软近期已自愿承诺承担为其数据中心新建电厂的费用，Meta则签署了一份为期15年的协议，以支付路易斯安那州三座新建燃气电厂的建设成本，为其迄今最大的数据中心供电。此外，多家科技公司近期也宣布支持部署可为数据中心供电的下一代核反应堆，但该技术预计到2030年代才能投入使用。

然而，该承诺的具体细则与监督机制尚未明确。企业需与公用事业公司、电网运营商签署合同，或依赖地方监管机构出台新政策以确保承诺履行。与此同时，计划新建的化石燃料电厂也面临燃气轮机短缺导致的工期延误。

电力需求激增与电价上涨已成为全美关注的焦点。倡导组织"气候力量"去年12月的报告显示，2025年全美家庭电费平均上涨13%。能源部预计，到2028年，仅数据中心的用电需求就可能增长一到两倍。在去年州长选举中，电价飙升已成为关键议题。弗吉尼亚州州长阿比盖尔·斯潘伯格（民主党）在回应特朗普国情咨文时指出，"成本过高"是她在竞选过程中听到的最迫切担忧。

特朗普政府去年已推出人工智能行动计划并签署行政令，旨在通过激励新建化石燃料电厂、放宽环保限制和加快审批流程，加速数据中心建设以实现"人工智能全球主导地位"。但地方层面的阻力正在加剧，全美已有数十个数据中心项目因社区反对而延迟或取消，促使科技企业近期集中做出承诺以缓解公众忧虑。

目前，科技巨头能否切实履行用电承诺，以及这些举措能否有效平抑电价，仍有待观察。

中文翻译：

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普在国情咨文演讲中试图平息民众对电价上涨的担忧——如今我们获悉，他承诺的相关协议可能于下周落地。特朗普宣称已与多家大型科技公司协商达成"费率支付方保护承诺"，要求这些企业为数据中心建设新的发电设施或承担相关费用。据福克斯新闻今日报道，亚马逊、谷歌、Meta、微软、xAI、甲骨文和OpenAI的领导人预计将出席3月4日的活动并签署该承诺。

特朗普宣称科技公司将于下周签署协议以承担自身电力供应成本
总统将科技公司限制数据中心影响的承诺归功于自身政策推动。

目前关于承诺的具体内容及企业履约责任机制尚缺乏细节。"在这项重大倡议下，这些大型企业将为新建人工智能数据中心自主建设、引入或购买电力供应，"白宫发言人泰勒·罗杰斯在给The Verge的邮件中表示。

特朗普在演讲中强调："我们正告知主要科技公司，他们有责任满足自身电力需求。"

为生成式人工智能扩展数据中心的科技企业已在尝试履行此类责任。Anthropic与微软近期相继自愿承诺承担为其数据中心新建发电厂的费用。但企业仍需与公用事业公司、电网运营商签署合同，或需要地方监管机构制定新政策以确保企业兑现承诺。Meta已签署为期15年的协议，承担路易斯安那州三座新建燃气电厂的建设成本，这些电厂将为其迄今最大的数据中心供电。但部分居民和消费者权益倡导者仍担忧数据中心激增的电力需求可能推高燃料和电价。

科技公司近期还宣布了一系列支持部署新一代核反应堆的协议，这些反应堆未来可为数据中心供电。但该技术尚处研发阶段，普遍预计要到2030年代才能投入运营。新建化石燃料电厂接入电网的计划也因燃气轮机短缺而面临延期。

据倡导组织"气候力量"去年12月报告，2025年全美家庭电费账单已上涨13%。随着老化的电网基础设施升级，以及数据中心、工厂和电动汽车的电力需求增长，电价持续攀升。美国能源部数据显示，仅数据中心的电力需求就预计在2028年前翻倍甚至增长两倍。

特朗普去年公布了人工智能行动计划并签署行政令，旨在加速新数据中心的建设。该计划包括激励新建化石燃料电厂为数据中心供电、放宽环境监管条例，并以实现"人工智能全球主导地位"为由加快审批流程。

这些雄心正面临日益突出的障碍：地方层面的抵制已导致科技公司在美国数十个数据中心项目遭遇建设延期或取消。随后科技企业掀起承诺浪潮以回应社区关切。

电价飙升也成为民主党去年赢得州级选举的关键议题，包括阿比盖尔·斯潘伯格在弗吉尼亚州的州长胜选。斯潘伯格所在的弗吉尼亚州拥有全球最大的数据中心枢纽，她在民主党对特朗普演讲的回应中表示："去年竞选州长时，我走遍弗吉尼亚每个角落，各地都听到同样的迫切担忧：生活成本过高。我知道全美各地都在进行同样的对话。"

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英文来源：

President Donald Trump tried to quell Americans’ concerns about rising electricity costs during his State of the Union speech — and now we’re learning that the deals he promised could land next week. Trump claimed that he’s negotiated a “rate payer protection pledge” with major tech companies, which would see them build out or pay for new electricity generation for their data centers. Leaders from Amazon, Google, Meta, Microsoft, xAI, Oracle and OpenAI are expected to attend a March 4th event to sign the pledge, Fox News reported today.
Trump claims tech companies will sign deals next week to pay for their own power supply
The president is taking credit for tech companies’ pledges to limit data center impacts.
The president is taking credit for tech companies’ pledges to limit data center impacts.
There are very few details at this point on what the pledge entails, nor how companies would be held accountable for following through on any commitments. “Under this bold initiative, these massive companies will build, bring, or buy their own power supply for new AI data centers,” White House spokesperson Taylor Rogers said in an email to The Verge.
“We’re telling the major tech companies that they have the obligation to provide for their own power needs,” Trump said during his speech.
“They have the obligation to provide for their own power needs”
Companies expanding their data centers for generative AI are already trying to do that. Anthropic and Microsoft have made voluntary commitments recently to cover the costs of new power plants built to serve their data centers. But they would need to sign contracts with utilities and grid operators, or local regulators would need to set new policies to keep companies on the hook to fulfill their promises. Meta has inked a 15-year agreement to cover the capital costs of three new gas-fired plants being built in Louisiana to power its largest data center yet. But some residents and consumer advocates are still concerned about how increased demand from the data center could raise fuel and electricity costs.
Tech companies have also announced a slew of agreements recently to support the deployment of next-generation nuclear reactors that could power their data centers. But that technology is still in development, and generally not expected to come online until the 2030s. Plans to hook up new fossil fuel-fired plants to the power grid also face delays with gas turbines in short supply.
Household electricity bills already increased 13 percent nationally in 2025, according to a December report from advocacy group Climate Power. Rates are ticking up as aging power grids upgrade their infrastructure, and as data centers, factories, and electric vehicles increase power demand. Data center electricity demand alone is expected to double or triple by 2028, according to the Department of Energy.
Trump laid out an AI Action Plan and signed an executive order last year aiming to speed the development of new data centers. The plan includes incentivizing the construction of new fossil fuel plants to power data centers, loosening environmental regulations, and speeding up permitting in the name of achieving “global dominance in artificial intelligence.”
Another obstacle is increasingly in the way of those ambitions: local pushback, which has resulted in tech companies facing construction delays and cancellations for dozens of data center projects across the US. Subsequently, there’s been a wave of promises from tech firms to address community concerns.
Soaring electricity rates also became a key issue in state races Democrats won last year, including Governor Abigail Spanberger’s victory in Virginia. Spanberger, whose state is home to the biggest hub for data centers in the world, delivered Democrats’ response to Trump’s address.
“As I campaigned for Governor last year, I traveled to every corner of Virginia, and I heard the same pressing concern everywhere: costs are too high,” Spanberger said. “And I know these same conversations are being had all across this country.”
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