内容来源：https://www.livemint.com/ai/frontier-tech-india-ai-quantum-computing-niti-aayog-11758108586946.html

内容总结：

印度政府智库NITI Aayog杰出研究员兼前沿科技中心首席架构师德布贾尼·戈什表示，印度正聚焦人工智能、生物、能源与量子计算等20项前沿技术的融合领域，以期实现从"跟跑"到"领跑"的转变。这些技术将对公民生活、产业发展、政府治理及地缘政治产生深远影响。

戈什指出，印度若想实现"发达印度"愿景，必须提前10至15年布局技术研发。目前该智库正在研究多项技术融合对就业、医疗、农业等领域的变革性影响，并已启动20余份专项报告编制工作。数据显示，印度2020年研发投入仅占GDP的0.65%，显著低于中美两国。

据印度首份人工智能蓝图预测，未来十年人工智能有望为印度创造1.7万亿美元经济价值。专家强调，印度需加速人工智能应用以获取全球市场份额，同时凭借多样化的基因组数据优势提升医疗服务水平。目前由NITI首席执行官牵头的战略委员会正推动将技术洞察转化为实际政策。

戈什透露，当前技术竞赛刚刚开始，下一轮技术变革的规模将远超人工智能，未来十年将是印度抢占领先地位的关键窗口期。

中文翻译：

新德里：印度政府智库NITI Aayog特别研究员兼前沿科技中心首席架构师德巴贾尼·戈什表示，印度正押注20项前沿技术，这些技术可能使该国获得引领而非跟随的机会。戈什曾担任印度IT行业组织Nasscom负责人，她指出这些技术涵盖人工智能、生物、能源、量子计算的融合领域及其对公民、产业、政府和地缘政治的影响。

戈什透露，在2024年筹建NITI前沿科技中心的讨论中，各方一致认为印度要实现繁荣就必须成为前沿技术强国。"我们必须引领前沿技术而非追随。观察当今引领前沿技术的国家，都是能提前10到15年预见趋势的国度。基于这种认知，它们早早就开始投资研发和能力建设。"她强调，"因此目标非常明确：若要实现'发达印度'愿景，就必须跻身领导者联盟。为此我们需要学会如何及早发现趋势并提前布局。"

戈什解释说，该中心正通过聚焦先进科技领域的交叉融合与相互影响，积极研究和预测技术变革。具体关注人工智能、生物与生命科学、能源（包括清洁能源）及量子计算的融合态势，同时探索这种融合对就业、技能和医疗的影响，以及制造业、服务业和农业的转型路径。这些技术对国家安全和地缘政治发展的影响也在研究范围内。

NITI Aayog正在编写20余份相关主题报告，戈什以技术变革医疗保健及印度如何在该领域领先为例说明。根据世界银行数据，印度2020年研发支出仅占GDP的0.65%，远低于中国2022年的2.56%和美国的3.59%。印度最新可用数据仍停留在2020年。

据《铸币报》报道，NITI Aayog在3月4日发布的首份人工智能蓝皮书中指出，未来十年通过应用人工智能可释放1.7万亿美元额外经济价值。参与制定蓝图的麦肯锡高级合伙人诺希尔·卡卡接受采访时表示，印度需比其他国家更快应用人工智能以赢得全球市场份额。"印度有潜力成为世界数据之都"，卡卡称利用AI和本国多样化基因组数据，可提升医疗服务质量——现有治疗方案大多基于白种人基因组数据。

戈什表示由NITI首席执行官牵头、多个重要部委组成的战略委员会，确保障碍科技中心的洞察能转化为实际政策变革和落地行动。她认为技术竞赛才刚刚开始："事实上当前人人都在谈论AI，但我们在前沿科技中心研究的下一轮巨变将远超AI范畴。这些变革并非由单一技术推动，而是多项技术的融合。未来十年我们必须做好准备，谋划如何在这些领域取得领先地位。"

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英文来源：

New Delhi: India is betting on 20 frontier technologies that could offer the country a chance to lead rather than follow, according to Debjani Ghosh, a distinguished fellow with the government think tank NITI Aayog and chief architect of theNITI Frontier Tech Hub.
These technologies cover the convergence of artificial intelligence, biology, energy, quantum computing, and their implications for citizens, industry, government, and geopolitics, said Ghosh, who previously headed IT sector industry body Nasscom.
Ghosh said that when discussions to set up the NITI Frontier Tech Hub was held in 2024, it was agreed that for India to become prosperous, it has to be a frontier tech nation.
“We have to lead frontier tech, not be a follower. If you look at countries that are leading frontier technologies today, they are countries that can spot trends 10 or 15 years in advance. Based on that understanding they started investing in research and development and capabilities,” she said. “So the goal was very clear: If we aspire to become Vikasit Bharat, we have to be in the leaders’ league. To do that, we have to figure out how to spot early and be ready early.”
Ghosh explained that NITI Frontier Tech Hub is actively researching and forecasting technological shifts by focusing on how advanced scientific and technological fields are coming together and influencing each other.
The hub is specifically looking at how the convergence of AI, biology and life sciences, energy, including clean energy, and quantum computing will play out. It will also explore the impact of such convergence on jobs, skills, and healthcare, apart from how manufacturing, services and agriculture get transformed.
The influence of these technologies on national security and geopolitical developments are also being studied.
NITI Aayog is preparing more than 20 reports on these subjects, Ghosh said, citing how technology is transforming healthcare and how India can lead in healthcare as an example.
India spent 0.65% of its GDP on research and development in 2020, way below the 2.56% that China spent and the 3.59% that the US spent in 2022, per World Bank group data. The latest data available for India is for 2020.
In its first blueprint on AI, released on Monday, NITI Aayog said an additional $1.7 trillion in economic value can be unlocked over the next decade by harnessing artificial intelligence, Mint reported.
Noshir Kaka, senior partner, McKinsey and Co., who collaborated with other experts in framing the blueprint, told Mint in an interview that India needs to adopt AI faster than the rest of the world to gain global market share in various sectors.
“India has the potential to become the data capital of the world,” said Kaka.
Using AI and the country’s diverse genomic data sets, India can improve the effectiveness of its healthcare services as existing treatment pathways are mostly based on genomic sets from Caucasian populations, Kaka said.
Ghosh said a strategic council, chaired by the NITI CEO and comprising key ministries, ensures the NITI Frontier Hub’s insights translate into real policy change and action on the ground.
The technology race is just beginning, according to Ghosh.
“In fact, we all are talking about AI today. But the next mega shifts that we are studying at the Frontier Tech Hub promises to be way bigger than AI,” she said. “These are shifts which are not going to be shaped by one technology, but multiple technologies coming together. So we have the next 10 years to get ready and figure out how we want to lead in these areas.”
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